Table 2 Knowledge.

1. Chronic heart failure refers to the condition where heart failure evolves into a chronic state if the duration exceeds three months.

2. Symptoms of chronic heart failure include shortness of breath, edema, fatigue, and dizziness.

3. Patients with chronic heart failure should follow a low-salt, low-fat, easily digestible, and nutritious diet, avoiding overeating at each meal.

4. Patients should consume unsaturated fatty acids and avoid trans fats (e.g., ghee, margarine), alcohol, sugary foods, and excessive seasonings (e.g., ketchup, hot sauce).

5. The “golden triangle” of medication for chronic heart failure includes angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists.

6. Recommended aerobic exercises for chronic heart failure patients include walking, running, cycling, swimming, Tai Chi, Baduanjin, dancing, gymnastics, and yoga.

7. Patients should receive a pneumococcal vaccine once and an annual influenza vaccine.

8. Self-management can be guided by the dosage of diuretics, body weight, and urine output changes.

9. Risk factors for chronic heart failure include sedentary lifestyle, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, influenza, microorganisms (e.g., streptococci), cardiotoxic drugs, chest radiation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, etc.