Table 2 Content of sc, Y and 14REEs in soil as well as in dandelion roots and leaves at each research site in May and October.

From: Seasonal variation of rare earth elements in Taraxacum officinale as an indicator of changes in urban pollution

Research site

Soil

Roots

Leaves

Sc

Y

14REEs

Sc

Y

14REEs

Sc

Y

14REEs

May

 F (p-value)

7.81 (≤ 0.05*)

27.66 (≤ 0.05*)

30.65 (≤ 0.05*)

8.12 (≤ 0.05*)

151.62 (≤ 0.05*)

13.49 (≤ 0.05*)

81.58 (≤ 0.05*)

37.59 (≤ 0.05*)

19.92 (≤ 0.05*)

 P01

2.40a

4.90ef

38.6e

0.255cd

0.550e

5.10c

0.275cd

0.586cd

5.07b

 P02

1.68b

4.78f

38.3e

0.213bd

0.588e

4.37c

0.290cd

0.544cde

5.19b

 P03

2.71a

5.97def

52.9cde

0.462a

1.20b

12.5a

0.767a

1.32a

15.3a

 P04

2.52a

6.75cde

51.4cde

0.424ab

0.750d

6.30c

0.431b

0.940b

4.69b

 P05

2.96a

12.0a

99.1a

0.502a

1.44a

9.08ab

0.177e

0.404de

4.37b

 P06

2.53a

5.98def

48.3de

0.352abcd

0.593e

7.46bc

0.301c

0.646c

7.64b

 P07

2.74a

8.23bc

65.8bc

0.415abc

0.901c

5.70c

0.273cd

0.634c

6.53b

 P08

2.70a

7.11bcd

53.3bcd

0.353abcd

0.484e

4.88c

0.231cde

0.468cde

4.85b

 P09

2.65a

6.47cdef

51.2de

0.436a

0.780d

7.22bc

0.199de

0.486cde

4.42b

 P10

2.29a

8.92b

68.4b

0.266bcd

0.590e

7.36bc

0.179e

0.351e

5.13b

October

 F (p-value)

12.16 (≤ 0.05*)

9.56 (≤ 0.05*)

7.59 (≤ 0.05*)

25.76 (≤ 0.05*)

8.85 (≤ 0.05*)

14.22 (≤ 0.05*)

46.62 (≤ 0.05*)

93.63 (≤ 0.05*)

81.96 (≤ 0.05*)

 P01

2.21b

4.86c

36.1c

0.192e

0.564b

3.58b

0.213de

0.544bcd

4.72bc

 P02

1.57c

4.60c

35.6c

0.211de

0.436b

2.75b

0.315bc

0.550bcd

4.12bc

 P03

2.70ab

5.89bc

49.1bc

0.438a

1.12a

11.5a

0.620a

1.95a

14.5a

 P04

2.43ab

6.65bc

50.9bc

0.292bcd

0.516b

3.83b

0.389b

0.740b

5.45b

 P05

2.84a

11.8a

93.7a

0.494a

1.13a

7.53a

0.223de

0.375cde

3.42cd

 P06

2.48ab

5.26bc

46.7bc

0.322b

0.310b

3.22b

0.264cd

0.251e

2.82d

 P07

2.52ab

7.75bc

63.2ab

0.312bc

0.625b

4.00b

0.272cd

0.546bcd

5.98b

 P08

2.43ab

6.45bc

50.3bc

0.295bcd

0.517b

3.61b

0.254cd

0.455cde

3.76bcd

 P09

2.61ab

5.80bc

49.2bc

0.312bc

0.415b

3.06b

0.206de

0.327de

2.76d

 P10

2.83a

8.43b

64.9ab

0.225cde

0.568b

4.58b

0.151e

0.586bc

4.78bcd

  1. Mean values for research site (n = 5); identical superscripts (a, b, c …) indicated non-significant differences between means within columns (separately for May and October) according to the post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test.