Fig. 2

Average PFP-N (a) and yield (b) of R. roxburghii among the different groups of smallholders. Error bars indicate standard error (SE). Different letters represent statistically significant differences based on LSD (Least Significant Difference) test at P < 0.05. LL, low-yielding and low-efficiency, LH: low-yielding AND high-efficiency, high-yielding and low-efficiency (HL), and high-yielding and high-efficiency (HH).