Fig. 4
From: Host-specific leaf-mining behaviour of holometabolous insect larvae in the early Permian
Details of Asteronomus maeandriformis from Crock, Thuringian Forest Basin, Germany. (a) Two tunnels bordered by a thickened rim of callus tissue (arrows) (MB.Pb.2022/2423). (b, c) Coprolites found at the position in the tunnel marked by the arrow in (A). (d) Numerous broken mines of A. maeandriformis showing the filling of the tunnels (holotype, FG 288/7). (e) Detail of a leaf mine marked by the box in (d). Note the grey matrix with black components, which we interpret as frass. (f) Elemental map from micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry showing the distribution of chlorine in an Autunia conferta leaf (MB.Pb.1979/0181). Note the higher chlorine content in the callus tissue, which increases the visibility of the leaf mines. (g) Close-up of the µXRF image in (f) showing the putative exit hole (arrow) in (g). (h) Photograph of (MB.Pb.1979/0181) showing the terminal part of a leaf mine with putative exit hole of the producer (arrow).
