Table 1 Definitions of symbols.

From: The impact of CNN MHAM-enhanced WRF and BPNN models for user behavior prediction

Symbol

Definition

\(\:p\)

Weighted sum of the purity of non-leaf nodes in the decision tree

\(\:imp\)

Feature importance calculated using the gradient boosting tree method

\(\:dist\)

Distribution of sample categories within each leaf node

\(\:{w}_{i}\)

Weight of sample ii

\(\:{d}_{i}\)

True label of sample ii

\(\:{y}_{i}\)

Predicted probability output by the neural network for sample ii

\(\:f\)

Activation function of the hidden layer

\(\:g\)

Activation function of the output layer

\(\:\eta\:\)

Learning rate

\(\:{\delta\:}_{k}\)

Error term at the output layer

\(\:{\delta\:}_{j}\)

Error term at the hidden layer

\(\:{w}_{ij}\)

Weight between input layer and hidden layer

\(\:{v}_{jk}\)

Weight between hidden layer and output layer

\(\:{b}_{j}\)

Bias of the hidden layer

\(\:{c}_{k}\)

Bias of the output layer

\(\:L\)

Weighted cross-entropy loss function

\(\:{h}_{j}\)

Output of the hidden layer

\(\:\sum\:\)

Summation operator

\(\:\text{s}\text{u}\text{m}({w}^{\text{*}}\cdot\:{p}_{.}node)\)

Weighted sum of purity across all non-leaf nodes in the decision tree