Table 1 Comparative Analysis of Assisted Driving Systems and Driverless Systems.

Technological dependency

Relying solely on onboard sensors such as radar and cameras, the system can directly achieve functionalities without external communication²¹

V2X communication, dependence on high-precision maps, and redundant systems enabled by AI algorithms facilitate real-time decision-making²²

Security

ADAS reduces driver distraction risks by monitoring vehicle status and environment in real-time, effectively decreasing collision likelihood, though it cannot fully replace human judgment²³

Theoretically, it can eliminate human driving errors such as fatigue and distraction, significantly reducing traffic accidents, but must address extreme scenarios like sudden obstacles²²

Cost

Cost-effective and easy to integrate, these systems are widely adopted in the market²⁴

Hardware components such as LiDAR and multi-sensor fusion systems, along with software like AI decision-making algorithms, entail high costs, necessitating redundant design and ongoing research and development²⁵

Application scenarios

Suitable for various traffic scenarios, including highways and low-speed environments²⁶

It can cover all scenarios but requires infrastructure improvements²⁷

Features of use

Drivers need to adapt to system limitations; ADAS may diminish driving enjoyment, and user trust in these systems varies²³

Long-term education and pilot programs are essential, relying on comprehensive infrastructure such as V2I communication and high-precision maps. Currently in the pilot stage, public acceptance remains relatively low²²