Table 1 Initial evaluation indicator Framework.

From: Identifying key factors influencing immersive experiences in virtual reality enhanced museums

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Perceived Usefulness

Viewing Interest

The degree to which VR technology stimulates visitors’ willingness to actively explore the museum.

Memory Retention

The extent to which immersive experiences enhance visitors’ retention of exhibition content.

Self-Efficacy

Enhancement of visitors’ confidence in immersive learning of historical and cultural content.

Cultural Relevance

Visitors’ perceived alignment of exhibits with their own cultural background.

Perceived Ease

of Use

Operability

The clarity and intuitiveness of the VR system’s user interface.

Adaptability

The system’s ability to accommodate users across various age groups.

Compatibility

Cross‑platform consistency ensured through multi‑device compatibility.

Personalization

Customization of immersive content based on individual user needs.

Interface Friendliness

The ease with which visual elements such as icons and text are understood.

Information Quality

Relevance

The degree to which immersive content aligns with the exhibition’s theme.

Completeness

The comprehensiveness and systematic reconstruction of historical information.

Authority

The verifiability and accuracy of information sources.

Timeliness

The frequency and timeliness of content updates.

System Quality

Stability

The system’s capacity to minimize operational failure rates.

Security

Mechanisms for protecting user privacy and data security.

Maintainability

The efficiency of system recovery from failures.

Edutainment

Educational Value

The effectiveness of conveying knowledge naturally within entertaining experiences.

Interactivity

The degree to which interactive experiences enhance engagement and novelty.

Plasticity

Flexibility in adjusting display formats or interaction modes.

Enjoyment

The intensity of enjoyment during the experience

Regional Coordination

Regional Characteristics

Accuracy in representing local cultural elements.

Atmosphere Building

The synergy between ambient atmosphere and exhibition themes.

Foresight

The practical significance of simulating future regional scenarios.