Table 1 HMCs (mg/kg) in the studied species compared to different investigations.

Current study (untreated)

30.32–62.04

28.11–67.60

3.62–4.69

0.96–2.09

2.88–3.27

28.03–44.57

Aqaba Gulf, Egypt

3 Sp. (Siganus luridus, Lethrinus borbonicus, and Cheilinus lunulatus)

Ismail and Abu-Hilal³⁷*

1.77–2.60

2.21–4.45

0.18–0.26

0.19–0.22

0.40–0.53

–

Aqaba Gulf, Jordan

3 Sp. (Ctenochaetus striatus, Zebrasoma xanthurum, and Scarus ferrugineus)

El-Moselhy et al.³⁸

1.15–10.9

2.70–8.23

0.170–0.740

0.10–0.93

–

–

Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt

14 Sp. (Epinephelus sp., Caranx sp., Scarus gibbus, Nemipterus japonicus, Sardinella sp., Synodus sp., Carangoides bajad, Lutjanus bohar, Thunnus albacares, Gerres oyena, Sargocentron spiniferum, Siganus rivulatus, Lethrinus sp. and Trachurus mediterraneus)

Yüksel et al.³⁹

1.56–7.61

4.39–5.85

0.10–0.198

0.31–1.16

0.009–0.06

–

Miliç Wetland, Türkiye

3 Sp. (Esox lucius, Squalius cephalus, and Carassius gibelio)

Mziray and Kimirei⁴⁰

34.02–103.29

67.8–214.6

1.65–4.71

5.55–10.18

0.12–0.15

–

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

3 Sp. (Siganus sutor, Lethrinus harak, and Rastrelliger kanagurta)

Abbas et al.⁴¹

36.86–135.96

11.95–35.18

10.33–25.85

1.27–2.50

1.46–4.86

2.50–8.07

Suez Gulf, Egypt

5 Sp. (Cephalopholis hemistiktos, Lethrinus mahsena, Pagrus major, Cheilinus lunulatus, and Carangoides bajad)

El-Shorbagy et al.⁴²

31.80–81.35

7.02–19.75

2.11–10.29

0.50–1.31

1.20–1.76

–

Aqaba Gulf, Egypt

8 Sp. (Lethrinus ramak, Cephalopholis hemistiktos, Pagellus affinis, Trachurus japonicus, Cheilinus lunulatus, Siganus luridus, Parupeneus forsskali, and Caesio suevica)

Younis et al.⁴³*

17.0–39.29

–

1.60–3.94

0.65–1.13

3.60–19.19

–

Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

5 Sp. (Epinephelus chlorostigma, (Plectropomus areolatus, Parastromateus niger, Pristipomoides multidens, and Polysteganus coeruleopunctatus)

Zaghloul et al.⁴⁴

13.6–29.1

5.90–11.9

0.381–0.970

0.264–0.897

0.332–0.585

–

Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt

5 Sp. (Gerres oyena, Scarus sordidus, Lethrinus lentjan, Siganus rivulatus, and Mulloidichthys vanicolensis)

Ben-Tahar et al.⁴⁵

15.56–30.75

4.47–11.59

0.41–0.82

–

–

–

Betoya Bay, Morocco

3 Sp. (Sardina pilchardus, Engraulis encrasicolus, Trachurus trachurus)

Hossain et al.⁴⁶*

–

5.78–9.56

0.61–3.10

–

0.004–0.17

–

Meghna River, Bangladesh

15 Sp. (Oreochromis mossambicus, Anabas testudineus, Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Aristichthys nobilis, Labeo calbasu, Cirrhinus reba, Ompok pabda, Otolothoides pama, Apocryptes bato, Polynemus paradiseus, Mystus gulio, Harpadon nehereus, and Lates calcarifer)