Fig. 1

(a) Setup for time-lapse image capture featuring a smartphone (1) on a tripod (2) above the target flower (3), supported by a stick (4) to reduce wind motion and connected to a power bank (5) for continuous operation. (b) An original, full-frame image from the smartphone showing a pollinator and the target flower. (c) A cropped image highlighting the region of interest (ROI) used for analysis.