Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by GV quartiles.
From: Association between glycemic variability and mortality in critically ill patients with heart failure
Variables | Total (n = 23 744) | Q1 (n = 5 936) | Q2 (n = 5 936) | Q3 (n = 5 936) | Q4 (n = 5 936) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
elCU-CRD database | 11,037 (46.5) | 2199 (37) | 2755 (46.4) | 2988 (50.3) | 3095 (52.1) |
Demographics | |||||
Age, (year) | 71.6 ± 13.5 | 72.0 ± 14.3 | 71.9 ± 13.7 | 71.7 ± 13.1 | 70.6 ± 12.9 |
Gender male, n (%) | 13,011 (54.8) | 3396 (57.2) | 3310 (55.8) | 3237 (54.5) | 3068 (51.7) |
Race, n (%) | |||||
White | 16,859 (71.0) | 4331 (73.0) | 4282 (72.1) | 4187 (70.5) | 4059 (68.4) |
Other | 6885 (29.0) | 1605 (27.0) | 1654 (27.9) | 1749 (29.5) | 1877 (31.6) |
Vital signs | |||||
Heart rate, (min − 1) | 88.6 ± 21.7 | 88.0 ± 21.0 | 88.4 ± 20.7 | 89.1 ± 21.3 | 89.1 ± 23.7 |
MBP, (mmHg) | 82.8 ± 21.1 | 83.5 ± 20.0 | 82.7 ± 22.9 | 82.1 ± 20.8 | 82.7 ± 20.6 |
BMI, (kg/m2) | 28.2 (24.0, 33.2) | 28.0 (24.0, 32.8) | 28.0 (24.0, 33.2) | 28.3 (24.2, 33.4) | 28.4 (24.0, 33.7) |
SOFA score | 5.0 (2.0, 7.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 5.0 (2.0, 7.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) |
Co-morbidities, n (%) | |||||
Hypertension | 17,973 (75.7) | 4528 (76.3) | 4420 (74.5) | 4490 (75.6) | 4535 (76.4) |
Diabetes | 7539 (31.8) | 1225 (20.6) | 1367 (23.0) | 1992 (33.6) | 2955 (49.8) |
Myocardial infarction | 6200 (26.1) | 1512 (25.5) | 1478 (24.9) | 1507 (25.4) | 1703 (28.7) |
Atrial fibrillation | 10,114 (42.6) | 2779 (46.8) | 2685 (45.2) | 2494 (42.0) | 2156 (36.3) |
Stroke, n (%) | 1929 (8.1) | 572 (9.6) | 504 (8.5) | 442 (7.4) | 411 (6.9) |
COPD | 7581 (31.9) | 1866 (31.4) | 1897 (32.0) | 1936 (32.6) | 1882 (31.7) |
Renal failure | 6280 (26.4) | 1482 (25.0) | 1447 (24.4) | 1615 (27.2) | 1736 (29.2) |
Cancer | 1763 (7.4) | 494 (8.3) | 438 (7.4) | 429 (7.2) | 402 (6.8) |
Laboratory tests | |||||
Glucose | |||||
First, (mg/dl) | 130.0 (106.0, 171.0) | 117.0 (102.0, 137.0) | 128.0 (106.0, 155.0) | 140.0 (109.0, 178.0) | 163.0 (112.0, 241.0) |
Mean, (mg/dl) | 131.0 (112.3, 160.6) | 115.5 (102.8, 133.9) | 124.0 (110.4, 144.1) | 135.8 (117.2, 164.1) | 158.0 (132.2, 196.8) |
SD | 27.7 (16.7, 47.2) | 11.2 (7.5, 14.4) | 21.8 (18.5, 25.9) | 35.0 (29.0, 43.4) | 65.4 (50.9, 89.0) |
Frequency* | 1.8 (1.4, 2.5) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.3) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.4) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.5) |
GV | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.1) | 0.2 (0.2, 0.2) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.3) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) |
Hemoglobin, (g/dl) | 10.2 (8.6, 11.9) | 10.4 (8.8, 12.1) | 10.2 (8.6, 12.0) | 10.1 (8.6, 11.8) | 10.1 (8.5, 11.8) |
WBC, (K/µL) | 10.5 (7.6, 14.6) | 9.9 (7.3, 13.5) | 10.5 (7.7, 14.7) | 10.6 (7.6, 14.9) | 10.9 (7.8, 15.2) |
Platelet, (K/µL) | 192.0 (141.0, 254.0) | 190.0 (143.0, 250.0) | 189.0 (139.0, 251.0) | 191.0 (141.0, 254.0) | 197.0 (144.0, 260.0) |
Creatinine, (mg/dl) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.1) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.0) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.2) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) |
BUN, (mg/dl) | 29.0 (19.0, 46.0) | 25.0 (17.0, 39.0) | 28.0 (18.0, 44.0) | 30.0 (19.0, 47.0) | 33.0 (21.0, 52.0) |
Potassium, (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.8 |
Sodium, (mmol/L) | 137.5 ± 8.2 | 137.9 ± 7.2 | 137.6 ± 8.1 | 137.5 ± 8.4 | 137.0 ± 9.1 |
Chloride, (mmol/L) | 101.9 ± 6.8 | 102.4 ± 6.3 | 102.1 ± 6.9 | 101.8 ± 6.9 | 101.6 ± 7.1 |
Calcium, (mmol/L) | 8.5 ± 0.8 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 8.5 ± 0.8 | 8.4 ± 0.8 | 8.5 ± 0.8 |
Magnesium, (mmol/L) | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.5 |
Treatments, n (%) | |||||
ACEI/ARB | 4000 (16.8) | 1056 (17.8) | 966 (16.3) | 965 (16.3) | 1013 (17.1) |
Beta-blockers | 11,439 (48.2) | 3071 (51.7) | 2853 (48.1) | 2786 (46.9) | 2729 (46.0) |
Anti-Platelet drugs | 11,247 (47.4) | 2780 (46.8) | 2787 (47) | 2804 (47.2) | 2876 (48.5) |
Diuretics | 14,667 (61.8) | 3589 (60.5) | 3718 (62.6) | 3710 (62.5) | 3650 (61.5) |
Digoxin | 6250 (26.3) | 1292 (21.8) | 1566 (26.4) | 1684 (28.4) | 1708 (28.8) |
Statin | 9340 (39.3) | 2396 (40.4) | 2266 (38.2) | 2276 (38.3) | 2402 (40.5) |
Insulin | 11,145 (46.9) | 2159 (36.4) | 2538 (42.8) | 2931 (49.4) | 3517 (59.2) |
Hormone drug | 5014 (21.1) | 863 (14.5) | 1152 (19.4) | 1465 (24.7) | 1534 (25.8) |
vasoactive agents | 10,220 (43.0) | 2279 (38.4) | 2642 (44.5) | 2669 (45.0) | 2630 (44.3) |
Hemodialysis | 2145 (9.0) | 319 (5.4) | 495 (8.3) | 632 (10.6) | 699 (11.8) |
Mechanical ventilation | 15,365 (64.7) | 3804 (64.1) | 3880 (65.4) | 3873 (65.2) | 3808 (64.2) |
Mortality, n (%) | |||||
In-hospital | 3566 (15.0) | 597 (10.1) | 857 (14.4) | 1001 (16.9) | 1111 (18.7) |
30-day | 4171 (17.6) | 795 (13.4) | 1011 (17) | 1138 (19.2) | 1227 (20.7) |
LOS of ICU, (day) | 3.1 (1.9, 5.4) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.8) | 3.3 (2.1, 5.9) | 3.7 (2.1, 6.8) | 3.2 (2.0, 6.0) |
