Fig. 2

Multivariate analysis of PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) on concentrations of 14 PFAS in environmental samples (soil, mushrooms, berries, ungulates, bank voles, and owl) on the island of Frösön and in the reference area. The PC loadings (A) illustrate the compositional similarities among the different PFAS concentrations, while in (B, C) the PC scores illustrate the similarities in PFAS concentrations among the different samples, with (C) representing a higher resolution of the PC scores < 2.5 for PC1 and PC2, respectively. Percentage of explained variation is given for the first two PCs. PFHxS is represented by its linear (L-PFHxS) and branched (B-PFHxS) isomers. In (A), PFCAs are represented by circles, PFSAs by triangles and PFAS precursors by quadrats with the length of the C chain illustrated by grey scale (light grey (C = 3) to black (C = 11)).