Fig. 1

Global distribution of biome-climate envelopes (BCEs). (a) Observed contemporary distribution of Earth’s 14 terrestrial BCE types, generated using the RESOLVE Ecoregions 2017 dataset from the Earth Engine Data Catalog²³ based on Dinerstein et al.⁸. (b) Predicted consensus BCE estimate based on random forest ensemble model. Shaded regions reflect uncertainty, where more than one BCE is predicted to occur with greater than 10% probability. (c) Confusion matrix of model classification accuracy. The diagonal represents the number of correctly classified validation points per BCE, out of 2500 total out-of-sample classifications per BCE. Off diagonal are the number of misclassifications, and which BCE was predicted instead.