Table 11 Findings from the IEEE CEC2022 benchmark functions (the top answers are indicated).

From: An enhanced opposition-based African vulture optimizer for solving engineering design problems and global optimization

Func

SCA

PSO

SSA

WOA

AVO

OBAVO

ROBAVO

EOBAVO

CEC01

Mean

1.328E+12

2.277E+12

− 7.257E+05

9.641E+05

4.883E+02

2.165E+03

2.198E+03

6.466E+02

Std

9.984E+11

1.177E+04

1.792E+06

4.859E+03

2.632E+02

1.037E+03

8.290E+02

7.114E+02

t-values

− 7.285E+00

− 1.058E+09

2.220E+00

− 1.075E+03

1.143E+00

− 6.612E+00

− 7.779E+00

NA

CEC02

Mean

1.287E+04

2.385E+12

− 3.008E+05

− 2.117E+05

4.159E+02

6.412E+02

6.225E+02

4.265E+02

Std

3.573E+03

2.204E+04

3.383E+05

5.320E+05

2.262E+01

2.736E+01

2.473E+01

3.268E+01

t- values

− 1.907E+01

− 5.927E+08

4.877E+00

2.184E+00

1.451E+00

− 2.760E+01

− 2.620E+01

NA

CEC03

Mean

1.380E+01

1.753E+05

5.822E+05

1.405E+06

6.212E+02

7.666E+02

7.628E+02

6.229E+02

Std

9.125E− 15

1.860E+04

6.818E+05

1.828E+05

1.132E+01

4.073E+01

3.694E+01

1.133E+01

t-values

2.945E+02

− 5.144E+01

− 4.672E+00

− 4.210E+01

5.955E− 01

− 1.861E+01

− 1.982E+01

NA

CEC04

Mean

1.836E+01

4.334E+11

5.452E+05

2.637E+06

8.336E+02

9.795E+02

9.735E+02

8.288E+02

Std

7.852E+00

1.599E+04

8.622E+03

4.966E+05

1.134E+01

3.734E+01

3.695E+01

5.937E+00

t- values

4.509E+02

− 1.485E+08

− 3.458E+02

− 2.907E+01

− 2.060E+00

− 2.183E+01

− 2.117E+01

NA

CEC05

Mean

1.146E+11

9.013E+11

1.238E+06

4.387E+05

1.337E+03

1.576E+03

1.606E+03

1.326E+03

Std

1.260E− 01

1.238E+04

2.576E+05

3.125E+05

2.028E+02

1.428E+02

1.261E+02

1.383E+02

t-values

− 4.538E+09

− 3.989E+08

− 2.630E+01

− 7.667E+00

− 2.501E− 01

− 6.881E+00

− 8.211E+00

NA

CEC06

Mean

9.201E+00

1.352E+11

3.429E+05

− 4.472E+05

3.518E+03

4.831E+03

4.483E+03

3.192E+03

Std

1.764E+00

9.819E+03

− 3.198E+04

1.721E+06

1.722E+03

1.503E+03

1.593E+03

1.435E+03

t-values

1.215E+01

− 7.461E+07

− 5.813E+01

1.433E+00

− 7.964E− 01

− 4.318E+00

− 3.296E+00

NA

CEC07

Mean

2.124E+02

2.327E+08

1.988E+05

− 2.032E+05

2.053E+03

2.259E+03

2.164E+03

2.046E+03

Std

1.568E+02

1.442E+04

− 5.827E+05

− 1.427E+05

2.754E+01

2.799E+01

2.685E+01

2.437E+01

t-values

6.328E+01

− 8.839E+04

− 1.849E+00

7.879E+00

− 1.039E+00

− 3.154E+01

− 1.782E+01

NA

CEC08

Mean

5.468E+00

1.594E+12

− 1.142E+06

7.188E+05

2.228E+03

2.539E+03

2.338E+03

2.228E+03

Std

4.726E− 01

1.214E+04

6.171E+05

− 3.779E+05

9.567E+00

1.311E+01

1.230E+01

9.651E+00

t-values

1.260E+03

− 7.192E+08

1.016E+01

− 1.039E+01

8.574E− 02

− 1.047E+02

− 3.838E+01

NA

CEC09

Mean

2.466E+06

2.166E+12

− 4.264E+05

− 5.011E+05

2.538E+03

2.904E+03

2.718E+03

2.547E+03

Std

1.823E− 02

8.146E+03

− 6.602E+05

− 1.052E+06

1.308E+01

4.735E+01

3.638E+01

3.897E+01

t-values

− 3.462E+05

− 1.457E+09

3.559E+00

2.622E+00

1.264E+00

− 3.189E+01

− 1.752E+01

NA

CEC10

Mean

2.145E+04

8.337E+11

− 4.681E+05

− 7.886E+05

2.551E+03

2.856E+03

2.759E+03

2.571E+03

Std

1.423E− 01

1.288E+04

− 1.782E+06

2.634E+05

6.792E+01

4.167E+01

4.089E+01

6.661E+01

t-values

− 1.552E+03

− 3.545E+08

1.447E+00

1.645E+01

1.102E+00

− 1.988E+01

− 1.318E+01

NA

CEC11

Mean

3.132E+03

3.244E+12

− 7.876E+05

1.397E+05

2.743E+03

2.964E+03

2.979E+03

2.713E+03

Std

1.261E+00

9.737E+03

1.491E+05

− 1.045E+06

1.605E+02

1.755E+02

1.786E+02

1.463E+02

t-values

− 1.567E+01

− 1.825E+09

2.902E+01

− 7.182E− 01

− 7.484E− 01

− 6.015E+00

− 6.290E+00

NA

CEC12

Mean

1.482E+08

3.217E+07

2.690E+06

1.811E+06

2.870E+03

3.082E+03

3.267E+03

2.870E+03

Std

8.214E+04

1.702E+04

− 2.132E+06

− 5.599E+04

8.649E+00

1.199E+01

1.661E+02

1.031E+01

t-values

− 9.882E+03

− 1.035E+04

− 6.905E+00

− 1.769E+02

1.795E− 01

− 7.337E+01

− 1.306E+01

NA

w/t/l

 

5.4.3

8.4.0

6.0.6

7.1.4

4.5.3

11.1.0

12.0.0

 
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