Table 1 Mediators used, their applied concentrations, targtes, and potential off-targets used for dose determination and relevant effects.
Substance | Used concentration | Target | Off-target effects | Literature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ipratropium bromide | 1 nM | selective inhibitor of the M3 receptor | inhibition of (M1) receptors, anticholinergic effects, cholinergic effect by M2 | |
U73122 | 10 µM | selective inhibitor of phospholipase C | Inhibition of phospholipase A2, effects on calcium channels, inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase | |
chelerythrine | 10 µM | selective inhibitor of phosphokinase C | potential non-selective effect on other kinases at higher dosage, inhibits the BclXL-Bak BH3 | |
Y-27632 | 10 µM | selective inhibitor of rho-kinase | potential non-selective effect on other kinases at higher dosage, inhibitor of PKC epsilon and PKN2 | |
MBCD | 3.2 mM | removes cholesterol from lipid raft domains | Carrier for lipophilic drugs, actin depolymerization | |
cholesterol | 6.5 µM | central component of lipid rafts | Membrane rigidity and reduced fluidity | |
cytochalasin D | 10 µM | actin polymerization inhibitor | alters membrane trafficking, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of formation of actin polymers and activates p53 | |
simvastatin | 10 µM | competitive inhibitor of the HMG-CoA reductase, cholesterol lowering effect | mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of protein prenylation, MEK, ERK and p38 inhibition |
