Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Astaxanthin mitigates cardiac toxicity induced via doxorubicin by alleviating mitochondrial fission and autophagy in rats

Fig. 3

Transmission electron microscopy images of myocardial cells in each group. The above samples were collected on the 16th day of the study. (A) Electron microscopy images of hearts in each group. ASTA mitigates cardiac mitochondrial edema and rupture mediated by doxorubicin and reduces the quantity of autophagosomes. The scale is 5.0 μm. The white arrow marks normal mitochondria, and the yellow arrow marks autophagosomes. (B) The results of the flameng scorce on mitochondria. A higher flameng score indicates more severe mitochondrial damage. ASTA effectively ameliorated cardiac mitochondrial damage induced by DOX. (C) The results indicate the ATP content in cardiomyocytes. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. n = 6. *P < 0.05. ns: no significance, DOX: Doxorubicin, ASTA: Astaxanthin.

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