Table 12 Comparing different kinds of dust cleaning intensity.

From: AI-Integrated autonomous robotics for solar panel cleaning and predictive maintenance using drone and ground-based systems

Metric

RL-Based Cleaning

Rule-Based Cleaning

Relative Improvement

Reference

Average Energy Consumption

3.45 W h/panel

5.21 W h/panel

↓ 33.8%

51 Hajiahmadi et al., 2024

Water Usage per Panel

185 ml

310 ml

↓ 40.3%

1 Alfaris, 2023

Path Redundancy (Total Travel)

12.6 m

18.2 m

↓ 30.7%

2 Jahid et al., 2024

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