Table 1 Morphometric parameters of 18-day-old chicken embryos following in Ovo administration of Quercetin (Q₁₀, Q₁₀₀), hydroxyapatite (HaP₁₀, HaP₁₀₀), and their composites (QHaP₁₀, QHaP₁₀₀).

Mortality (%)

13.34

10.00

13.34

6.67

10.00

13.34

10.00

–

Egg weight (g)

51.16 ± 8.85

55.68 ± 10.12

59.05 ± 11.10

54.64 ± 11.99

58.61 ± 7.15

54.99 ± 7.89

54.55 ± 10.08

0.606

Embryo weight (g)

20.79 ± 2.91

22.32 ± 3.69

20.64 ± 2.20

20.44 ± 3.14

21.41 ± 2.10

23.22 ± 3.19

20.86 ± 4.28

0.398

Embryo-to-egg ratio (%)

41.73 ± 9.93

40.85 ± 8.06

36.48 ± 9.55

39.40 ± 12.36

36.99 ± 5.82

42.85 ± 7.37

39.70 ± 11.70

0.721

Liver (% of embryo weight)

2.04 ± 0.28^B

1.89 ± 0.33^B

1.84 ± 0.27^B

1.28 ± 0.39^A

2.03 ± 0.31^B

1.71 ± 0.28^B

1.92 ± 0.25^B

< 0.001

Heart (% of embryo weight)

0.89 ± 0.16^A

0.86 ± 0.15^A

0.88 ± 0.15^A

1.48 ± 0.32^B

0.92 ± 0.14^B

0.87 ± 0.11^B

1.11 ± 0.21^B

< 0.001

Spleen (% of embryo weight)

0.06 ± 0.01^A

0.11 ± 0.02^B

0.13 ± 0.02^B

0.08 ± 0.01^A

0.11 ± 0.01^B

0.08 ± 0.01^A

0.10 ± 0.02^B

< 0.001