Table 13 Sensitivity analysis: impact of demand scenarios on HRS performance for selected locations in Australia.
From: Techno-economic optimization of renewable hydrogen infrastructure via AI-based dynamic pricing
Station | Hybrid System | Demand Scenario | Energy Surplus/Deficit (%) | Demand response Savings (%) | NPC ($×10³) | ΔNPC vs. Baseline (%) | LCOE ($/kWh) | ΔLCOE vs. Baseline (%) | LCOH ($/kg) | ΔLCOH vs. Baseline (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perth | PV-WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 12% (Surplus) | 8% | 456 | −7.3% | 0.0161 | −8.0% | 0.555 | −8.0% |
Baseline | 0% (Balanced) | 5% | 492 | 0% | 0.0175 | 0% | 0.603 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −10% (Deficit) | 12% | 532 | + 8.1% | 0.0189 | + 8.0% | 0.651 | + 8.0% | ||
WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 8% (Surplus) | 7% | 462 | −6.4% | 0.0164 | −8.4% | 0.576 | −8.3% | |
Baseline | 0% (Balanced) | 4% | 492 | 0% | 0.0179 | 0% | 0.628 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −12% (Deficit) | 10% | 538 | + 9.3% | 0.0196 | + 9.5% | 0.684 | + 8.9% | ||
PV-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 10% (Surplus) | 6% | 465 | −6.8% | 0.0165 | −6.8% | 0.576 | −6.8% | |
Baseline | 0% (Balanced) | 4% | 492 | 0% | 0.0177 | 0% | 0.618 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −11% (Deficit) | 11% | 535 | + 8.7% | 0.0192 | + 8.5% | 0.669 | + 8.3% | ||
Brisbane | PV-WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 14% (Surplus) | 9% | 26.512 | −7.5% | 0.0146 | −7.6% | 0.529 | −8.2% |
Baseline | 0% (Balanced) | 6% | 28.671 | 0% | 0.0158 | 0% | 0.576 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −11% (Deficit) | 13% | 30.988 | + 8.1% | 0.0171 | + 8.2% | 0.627 | + 8.9% | ||
WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 9% (Surplus) | 8% | 26.723 | −7.5% | 0.0145 | −8.2% | 0.537 | −8.0% | |
Baseline | 0% (Balanced) | 5% | 28.891 | 0% | 0.0158 | 0% | 0.584 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −13% (Deficit) | 11% | 31.254 | + 8.2% | 0.0172 | + 8.9% | 0.638 | + 9.2% | ||
PV-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 12% (Surplus) | 7% | 25.421 | −7.5% | 0.0148 | −7.5% | 0.532 | −8.4% | |
Baseline | 0% (Balanced) | 5% | 27.479 | 0% | 0.0160 | 0% | 0.581 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −10% (Deficit) | 12% | 29.653 | + 7.9% | 0.0173 | + 8.1% | 0.633 | + 8.9% | ||
Adelaide | PV-WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 13% (Surplus) | 8.5% | 26.112 | −7.8% | 0.0153 | −8.4% | 0.553 | −8.4% |
Baseline | 0% (Balanced) | 5.8% | 28.314 | 0% | 0.0167 | 0% | 0.604 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −12% (Deficit) | 12.7% | 30.672 | + 8.3% | 0.0181 | + 8.4% | 0.659 | + 9.1% | ||
WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 8% (Surplus) | 7.8% | 27.112 | −8.1% | 0.0158 | −8.9% | 0.567 | −8.8% | |
Baseline | 0% (Balanced) | 5.2% | 29.492 | 0% | 0.01735 | 0% | 0.622 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −14% (Deficit) | 11.5% | 31.988 | + 8.5% | 0.0189 | + 8.9% | 0.681 | + 9.5% | ||
PV-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 11% (Surplus) | 7.2% | 26.327 | −7.7% | 0.0157 | −8.1% | 0.561 | −9.0% | |
Baseline | 0% (Balanced) | 5.1% | 28.537 | 0% | 0.01708 | 0% | 0.6163 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −11% (Deficit) | 12.1% | 30.817 | + 8.0% | 0.0185 | + 8.3% | 0.672 | + 9.0% | ||
Melbourne | PV-WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 12.5% surplus | 9.2% | 25.981 | −8.0% | 0.0152 | −8.3% | 0.552 | −8.9% |
Baseline | Balanced | 6.4% | 28.231 | 0% | 0.01658 | 0% | 0.6058 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −13.2% deficit | 14.1% | 30.887 | + 9.4% | 0.0183 | + 10.4% | 0.668 | + 10.3% | ||
WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 7.8% surplus | 8.1% | 28.427 | −8.3% | 0.0160 | −8.5% | 0.637 | −8.9% | |
Baseline | Balanced | 5.3% | 31.01 | 0% | 0.01748 | 0% | 0.699 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −15.1% deficit | 12.8% | 34.112 | + 10.0% | 0.0195 | + 11.6% | 0.781 | + 11.7% | ||
PV-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 10.3% surplus | 7.5% | 27.476 | −8.3% | 0.0157 | −8.5% | 0.605 | −8.8% | |
Baseline | Balanced | 5.7% | 29.976 | 0% | 0.01715 | 0% | 0.6637 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −12.7% deficit | 13.4% | 32.781 | + 9.4% | 0.0189 | + 10.2% | 0.732 | + 10.3% | ||
Hobart | PV-WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 9.8% surplus | 8.7% | 27.539 | −8.3% | 0.0159 | −8.6% | 0.601 | −8.9% |
Baseline | Balanced | 6.1% | 30.043 | 0% | 0.0174 | 0% | 0.660 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −14.3% deficit | 13.5% | 33.112 | + 10.2% | 0.0192 | + 10.3% | 0.732 | + 10.9% | ||
WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 6.2% surplus | 7.9% | 28.792 | −8.3% | 0.0166 | −8.8% | 0.728 | −9.0% | |
Baseline | Balanced | 5.4% | 31.412 | 0% | 0.0182 | 0% | 0.800 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −17.5% deficit | 12.1% | 35.014 | + 11.5% | 0.0206 | + 13.2% | 0.904 | + 13.0% | ||
PV-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 8.1% surplus | 7.2% | 28.224 | −8.4% | 0.0163 | −8.9% | 0.586 | −9.2% | |
Baseline | Balanced | 5.8% | 30.800 | 0% | 0.0179 | 0% | 0.645 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −13.7% deficit | 12.9% | 33.876 | + 10.0% | 0.0198 | + 10.6% | 0.719 | + 11.5% | ||
Sydney | PV-WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 11.2% surplus | 10.3% | 29.012 | −8.5% | 0.0165 | −8.3% | 0.572 | −8.9% |
Baseline | Balanced | 7.1% | 31.700 | 0% | 0.0180 | 0% | 0.628 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −12.8% deficit | 15.2% | 34.887 | + 10.1% | 0.0199 | + 10.6% | 0.698 | + 11.1% | ||
WT-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 7.5% surplus | 9.1% | 30.112 | −8.6% | 0.0169 | −8.9% | 0.591 | −9.2% | |
Baseline | Balanced | 6.3% | 32.959 | 0% | 0.01855 | 0% | 0.651 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −15.4% deficit | 13.7% | 36.774 | + 11.6% | 0.0208 | + 12.1% | 0.732 | + 12.4% | ||
PV-EL-HT | Low (−15%) | + 9.8% surplus | 8.4% | 29.664 | −8.4% | 0.0169 | −8.6% | 0.615 | −8.9% | |
Baseline | Balanced | 6.8% | 32.400 | 0% | 0.0185 | 0% | 0.675 | 0% | ||
High (+ 15%) | −13.5% deficit | 14.5% | 35.712 | + 10.2% | 0.0204 | + 10.3% | 0.753 | + 11.6% |
