Fig. 3
Effect of different flow rates in continuous once-through mode. The graph shows the effect of different flow rates at the current density range of (7.14-11.90 mA/cm2) and NaCl concentration of (0.22–0.45 g/L). Here, the bacterial inactivation increases with a decrease in the flow rate. (a) At a minimum current density of 7.14 mA/cm2 and NaCl concentration of 0.22 g/L, ~ 96% bacterial inactivation was obtained at a 40 mL/min flow rate. (b) At NaCl concentration of 0.31 g/L ~ 92%, bacterial inactivation was obtained at 7.14 mA/cm2 with a flow rate of 80 mL/min (c) Whereas at maximum current density of 11.90 mA/cm2 and NaCl concentration of 0.45 g/L, ~ 95% bacterial was obtained even at a flow rate of 200 mL/min.
