Fig. 6

Study of RCS production & membrane disruption test for bacteria. (a) The graph shows the increase in chlorine concentration with an increase in treatment time. At the optimized condition of (current density = 7.14 mA/cm², NaCl dose = 0.2 g/L, treatment time = 9 min, flow rate = 40 mL/min), the chlorine concentration increased from 0 to 14.2 mg/L within 9 min of treatment time due to the formation of RCS species. (b) The schematic reaction depicts the formation of Benz-Thia through the reaction of Aminohydroxyl-phenyl-benzthiazole with N, N-diethyl-amino salicylaldehyde (c) The graph describes the production of HOCl species at 640 nm at an acidic pH, which increased with an increase in time. (d) The graph depicts the K⁺ leakage from the bacterial cell, which increased from 5.4 to 7.4 ppm within 8 min of treatment at the same optimized conditions, indicating bacterial inactivation.