Table 2 The mean values and coefficients of variation (CV) of physicochemical water parameters along the longitudinal profile of the Stara river in 2022–2024.

From: Transformation of water chemistry in the Stara River under climate and land use changes in the Carpathians

Sampling point	Parameter	pH	EC	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	K⁺	NH₄⁺	HCO₃⁻	SO₄²⁻	Cl⁻	NO₃⁻	NO₂⁻	PO₄³⁻
Sampling point	Parameter	–	µS·cm⁻¹	mg·dm⁻³
1	Mean	6.99	414.3	59.00	12.35	11.79	1.70	0.01	194.56	47.37	11.82	1.48	0.14	0.01
1	CV [%]	1.56	11.9	16.06	15.92	4.71	19.65	51.59	27.19	10.33	5.17	38.07	163.18	34.64
2	Mean	7.33	418.1	56.13	13.07	14.04	1.97	0.00	197.04	45.56	15.02	1.79	0.01	0.01
2	CV [%]	1.14	9.4	13.51	14.51	5.09	16.45	43.80	24.54	11.20	4.46	23.39	142.84	54.23
3	Mean	7.29	394.4	51.66	12.18	14.70	1.95	0.01	173.45	42.99	15.45	1.72	0.01	0.01
3	CV [%]	0.71	8.1	12.46	13.03	4.11	20.20	84.82	22.50	12.29	6.19	26.06	89.13	34.64
4	Mean	7.29	394.6	51.72	12.19	14.59	2.09	0.01	179.34	41.75	15.32	1.96	0.02	0.01
4	CV [%]	1.27	7.5	11.82	12.57	2.64	18.75	114.36	21.59	12.59	6.25	28.43	131.93	34.64
5	Mean	7.23	487.9	61.17	14.20	20.16	4.80	0.01	199.35	49.35	25.30	8.50	0.13	0.03
5	CV [%]	2.08	6.4	9.54	11.92	3.41	40.88	122.15	17.81	3.30	9.35	59.92	129.56	83.57
6	Mean	7.23	509.8	64.29	13.75	23.63	3.53	0.01	226.04	42.23	31.05	3.52	0.04	0.02
6	CV [%]	0.96	2.8	8.38	10.85	17.55	25.50	106.80	20.63	10.74	33.65	58.29	144.73	118.68
7	Mean	7.37	539.0	69.66	15.63	22.82	3.50	0.01	249.98	42.73	30.93	2.57	0.07	0.01
7	CV [%]	1.49	4.6	8.98	11.96	11.16	23.10	85.22	18.61	12.16	23.54	49.36	170.24	34.64
8	Mean	7.45	540.3	70.47	15.91	22.52	3.39	0.01	253.85	42.08	29.67	2.76	0.04	0.01
8	CV [%]	1.50	4.5	9.34	11.79	8.44	25.35	102.53	19.28	10.48	21.27	60.03	167.72	39.46
9	Mean	7.48	541.3	70.85	15.92	22.62	3.38	0.01	246.98	41.26	28.77	2.84	0.05	0.01
9	CV [%]	1.42	4.5	9.15	11.56	7.61	25.71	64.21	17.18	10.54	22.01	56.14	133.32	34.64
10	Mean	7.44	542.6	71.07	15.79	22.76	3.34	0.04	262.87	40.91	28.50	2.43	0.06	0.01
10	CV [%]	1.63	4.7	9.16	11.91	4.82	25.71	128.47	18.65	11.78	16.70	53.06	133.56	34.64
11	Mean	7.53	555.5	74.96	15.30	22.38	4.18	0.01	259.95	43.69	27.41	2.26	0.04	0.01
11	CV [%]	2.05	4.0	8.82	10.86	4.63	37.78	122.68	17.36	9.86	17.56	50.07	152.21	34.64
12	Mean	7.46	573.8	75.61	15.29	25.08	4.74	0.02	265.98	46.48	31.27	3.62	0.21	0.27
12	CV [%]	2.34	6.6	9.43	11.41	17.39	49.13	139.70	18.92	10.29	15.06	48.64	163.14	124.63
13	Mean	7.40	608.1	77.55	15.50	31.22	6.30	0.01	267.43	49.12	38.23	7.95	0.06	1.49
13	CV [%]	2.07	8.5	11.43	13.05	21.63	47.34	132.01	19.06	9.12	16.90	26.15	137.40	83.96
14	Mean	7.45	609.4	77.30	15.29	30.94	6.01	0.09	265.56	47.98	38.44	6.18	0.36	0.91
14	CV [%]	3.19	10.7	970	10.50	31.24	54.38	104.52	17.93	12.07	25.16	29.84	160.31	93.61

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Table 2 The mean values and coefficients of variation (CV) of physicochemical water parameters along the longitudinal profile of the Stara river in 2022–2024.

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