Fig. 3
Pre and post-intervention gut microbiota diversity indices. (a-f) α-diversity of participants across three timepoints in intervention groups. [Pairwise significant p-values: Mango (water) 0–8 weeks (p = 0.018) and 8–12 weeks (p = 0.01), Mango (oil) 8–12 weeks (p = 0.02), Carrot 0–12 weeks (p = 0.007), Onion 0–8 weeks (p < 0.000) and 0–12 weeks (p = 0.004), Lemon-chilli 0–8 weeks (p < 0.000) and 0–12 weeks (p = 0.002)]. (g-l) β-diversity of the participants across three timepoints in intervention groups. [Pairwise significant p-values: Mango (water) 8–12 weeks (p = 0.003), Mango (oil) 8–12 weeks (p = 2e-04), Carrot 0–12 weeks (p = 9e-04) and 8–12 weeks (p = 3e-04), Onion 0–8 weeks (p = 9e-04) and 0–12 weeks (p = 0.026), Lemon-chilli 0–8 weeks (p = 0.022) and 0–12 weeks (p = 0.018)]. (*p represents overall significant p-value using Kruskal-Wallis or PERMANOVA among the 3 timepoints. * shows significant paired Kruskul-Wallis or PERMANOVA among 2 timepoints).
