Table 5 Overview of key hyperparameters used for feature selection with S3O and classification with efficientnet.

From: An efficient deep learning network for brain stroke detection using salp shuffled shepherded optimization

Hyperparameter

Value

Justification

Optimizer

Adam

Adaptive, robust for deep learning

Learning rate

0.0001

Stable training and convergence

Batch size

32

Suitable for medical images and memory constraints

Epochs

100

Enough to converge without overfitting

Loss function

Categorical Crossentropy

Multi-class classification (3 classes)

Dropout

0.3

Prevents overfitting during training

Input size

224 × 224 × 3

Common for EfficientNet pretrained backbone

Number of classes

3

Normal, Ischemic Stroke, Hemorrhagic Stroke