Table 5 Changes in delta and theta asymmetry of the frontal region.

From: The effects of non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on resting-state delta oscillation: a randomized, double-blinded, sham-control trial

Frontal asymmetry

Sham taVNS (n = 22)

(Mean ± SD)

Active taVNS (n = 20)

(Mean ± SD)

Unadjusted effects

coef. (95% CI, p-value)

Adjusted effects*

coef. (95% CI, p-value)

Delta

-0.025 ± 0.016

0.016 ± 0.012

0.042 (0.001 to 0.089; 0.045)

0.045 (0.001 to 0.089; 0.046)

Theta

0 ± 0.001

0.002 ± 0.004

0.002 (-0.013 to 0.017; 0.835)

0.002 (-0.014 to 0.018; 0.835)

Difference Delta-Theta

-0.025 ± 0.014

0.015 ± 0.012

0.040 (0.002 to 0.078; 0.041)

0.042 (0.001 to 0.083; 0.044)

  1. *Adjusted by age, gender, and fatigue.