Fig. 5

The differences of TMB and GESA among the risk groups. (A) The mutation frequency of genes in high-group, and the top3 mutated genes were TP53, TTN, and MUC16. (B) The mutation frequency of genes in low-risk group, and the top3 mutated genes were TP53, TTN, and RYR2. (C) The high-risk group exhibited a significantly higher TMB compared to the low-risk group (P = 0.0000001), there existed a positive association among score and TMB (R = 0.33, P < 0.0000001). (D) TMB values were significantly correlated with patient’s age, with patients with age greater than 60 years having significantly higher TMB values than those with age less than 60 years. **p < 0.01. (E–F) Graph of TMB analysis in smoking and non-smoking groups. (G) Analysis of differences in TMB values between smoking and non-smoking groups. (H) The main pathways significantly associated with risk scores in GSEA results were hallmark e2f targets, hallmark myc targets v1, hallmark mtorc1 signaling, and hallmark epithelial mesenchymal transition pathways.