Fig. 2
Synthesis and characterization of CXE-NLCs at different initial CXE concentrations. (A) Digital images of CXE-NLCs with varying CXE concentrations (0.0–4.0%, w/v). Scale bar: 1 cm. (B) Particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of CXE-NLCs with varying CXE concentrations (0.3–4.0%, w/v). (C) Colloidal stability of CXE-NLCs with varying CXE concentrations (0.3–4.0%, w/v), as determined via digital images captured at the time of fabrication and subsequently after one week of storage (4 °C). (D) Encapsulation efficiency of CXE-NLCs (0.3–1.0%, w/v). Scale bars: 1 cm. (E) Loading capacity of CXE-NLCs (0.3–1.0%, w/v). (F) Apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of CXE (1% DMSO solution) and CXE-NLCs (0.5, 1.0%, w/v) across a Caco-2/HT29 (9:1) cell monolayer. ND: not detected, *** p < 0.005.
