Table 4 Sensitivity analysis for height variation (mass fixed at 80 kg).

From: Optimizing toe joint stiffness to improve human-like walking

Metric

Min

Max

Relative change (%)

Sensitivity coefficient

Optimization cost (\(\times\)106)

8.07

8.42

− 4.2%

0.36

Step length (m)

0.64

0.68

− 5.9%

0.51

Walking speed (m/s)

0.98

1.07

− 8.4%

0.73