Table 2 Molecular Docking results of ch, eugenol, and Vit E against different microbial proteins. Docking scores are from the HDOCK server (arbitrary units; more negative values indicate stronger predicted binding).

From: Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and computational studies of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with vitamin E and clove essential oil

Target Protein

PDB ID

Microorganism

Ligand

Number of H-Bonds

HDOCK Score (arb. units)

DNA gyrase

1AB4

E. coli

Ch

14

–226.36

   

Eugenol

2

–93.21

   

Vit E

3

–134.78

DHFR

1RA3

E. coli

Ch

9

–191.82

   

Eugenol

4

–87.38

   

Vit E

4

–136.21

MURA

1UAE

E. coli

Ch

3

–203.85

   

Eugenol

1

–96.06

   

Vit E

4

–125.57

PBP2a

1MTW

S. aureus

Ch

16

–238.43

   

Eugenol

3

–98.50

   

Vit E

7

–136.87

Sortase

1T2W

S. aureus

Ch

17

–254.97

   

Eugenol

4

–102.13

   

Vit E

7

–138.04

DNA gyrase

2XCT

S. aureus

Ch

22

–343.58

   

Eugenol

21

–134.22

   

Vit E

18

–207.34

Lanosterol

4UYM

A. fumigatus

Ch

11

–240.25

   

Eugenol

6

–104.25

   

Vit E

11

–173.11