Table 3 Effect size of STAI-Y1 score changes for each odour condition compared to clean air (Day 1, day 2 and follow-up).

From: A quasi-randomised pilot study on the efficacy and perceived usefulness of adding chemosignals to mindfulness practice for women with social anxiety

Condition

Mean diff. (95% CI)

P-value

Cohen’s d (95% CI)

Mag.

Day 1 (pre-post): Clean Air reference change: − 6.25

Fear

–2.0 (–6.1, 2.2)

0.35

–0.26 (–0.83, 0.31)

S

Joy

0.7 (–3.4, 4.8)

0.73

0.10 (–0.46, 0.66)

Nil

Neutral

–0.4 (–4.5, 3.6)

0.83

–0.06 (–0.62, 0.50)

Nil

Day 2 (pre-post): Clean Air reference change: − 2.54

Fear

–3.6 (–7.6, 0.2)

0.07

–0.54 (–1.12, 0.03)

M

Joy

–1.0 (–4.9, 3.0)

0.63

–0.17 (–0.73, 0.39)

Nil

Neutral

–3.0 (–7.0, 1.0)

0.14

–0.41 (–1.00, 0.16)

S

Day 1 (pre-treatment) – Day 3 (follow-up): Clean Air reference change: 0.83

Fear

–5.1 (–10.9, 0.8)

0.09

–0.50 (–1.07, 0.07)

M

Joy

1.6 (–4.2, 7.4)

0.58

0.17 (–0.39, 0.73)

Nil

Neutral

–0.1 (–5.9, 5.8)

0.98

–0.01 (–0.56, 0.55)

Nil

  1. M diff = Mean difference in STAI-Y1 score change for each odour condition compared with clean air, with reference change in the clean air condition reported, calculated with a linear model using odour condition as fixed effect, with confidence intervals derived from the model coefficients. P-value = p-value resulting from the linear model testing group differences in STAI-Y1 changes. Mag = Magnitude of change (Nil = negligeable, d < 0.2, S = small, 0.2 ≤ d < 0.5, M = medium, 0.5 ≤ d < 0.8, L = large, d ≥ 0.8).
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