Table 3 The kappa coefficients for the basic model YOLOv8 and the AFFM-YOLOv8 were evaluated by a resident physician and a senior qualified physician, respectively.

From: MRI grading of lumbar disc herniation based on AFFM-YOLOv8 system

Doctor

Yolov8 (95% CI)

AFFM-yolov8 (95% CI)

Resident (95% CI)

Senior (95% CI)

Resident

0.871 (86.5–87.5)

0.889 (88.5–89.4)

0.852 (85.1–86.2)

Senior

0.896 (89.2–90.1)

0.910 (90.6–91.4)

0.875 (87.0–88.0)