Table 1 Model relationships between Japanese beetle occurrences and climate and land cover variables (r2 = 0.692).

From: Climate and human-modified landscapes influence spread of invasive agricultural pest Popillia japonica Newman in American Midwest and Great Plains

Predictive Variable

edf

Ref.df

Chi sq.

P

Developed Areas

3.704

4.304

62.29

< 0.001

Corn and Soybean

7.195

8.136

19.28

< 0.05

Grassland and Pasture

8.688

8.959

26.67

< 0.01

Maximum Temperature

2.898

3.665

15.20

< 0.01

Minimum Temperature

4.205

5.309

12.78

< 0.05

Precipitation

6.440

7.591

20.52

< 0.05

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