Fig. 1

Sources: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics, and the GIS User Community. Map imagery © Google.; (b) Locations of the studied wells.
(a) Map of the study area in Sindh, Pakistan. The base image was extracted using Google Earth Pro (Version 7.3), Google LLC. (2025). (URL: https://www.google.com/earth/versions/#earth-pro). The background basemap is the World Imagery layer sourced from ArcGIS Online (URL: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html? layers=10df2279f9684e4a9f6a7f08febac2a9).