Fig. 2

Thrombin promotes polarization into M1 macrophages. (a) Mouse bone marrow was stimulated with thrombin, and quantitative PCR was performed using specific primers for CD86 and CD163. Biological and technical replicates were performed three times. (b) Mouse bone marrow was stimulated with thrombin, and western blotting was performed using antibodies for the M1 markers iNOS and CD86, and the M2 markers CD163 and Arginase-1. β-actin was used as an internal control. n = 3. Values represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, relative to the corresponding control.