Fig. 6 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 6

From: Thrombin induces degradation of murine intervertebral discs via angiogenesis and M1-like polarization of macrophages

Fig. 6

Thrombin induces VEGF production and angiogenesis. (a) Mouse intervertebral discs (mIVDs) were stimulated with thrombin with or without PAR1-antagonist treatment, and quantitative PCR was performed using specific primers for VEGF. The culture supernatant was collected to measure the VEGF concentration via ELISA. (b) Intervertebral disc tissue was obtained 3 weeks after puncture and from healthy controls. Immunostaining was performed using antibodies for VEGF and CD31. Three mice were used in each group. Values represent the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01, relative to the corresponding control.

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