Fig. 8

Performance of 12-order Williamson/36-order Baumert Hall Based QAOA Methods. (a) presents the simulation results on a quantum simulator: solid blue line with blue circles is the xRAR curve, solid blue line is the upper bound of xRAR value; which is equal to 4, the red-dotted line with circle is the normalized objective error, and the dotted red line is the lower bound of error, which is equal to zero. (b) Shows the hardware performance: the dotted blue line with \(\times\) symbols at the bottom part is the curve of the objective error, the dotted blue line at the upper part is the error threshold for the random algorithm, solid red line with circle is the mean value of xRAR, the solid red line is the xRAR of random algorithm, and the red dashed-dot with \(\times\) symbols are maximum value of xRAR at corresponding layer number.