Fig. 3

Relative abundance profile of vaginal microbiota between healthy control samples (CON) and the condyloma acuminatum group (CA). (a) Differentially expressed vaginal microbiota between the CON and CA groups chosen by |LDA score| > 2 and P < 0.05. (b) Cladogram showing the most differentially abundant taxa identified by LEfSe. (c) Boxplots showing the relative abundance of the top 20 species in the CON and CA groups. The detection of Gardnerella vaginalis in the present study may represent a mixture of multiple Gardnerella species.