Table 1 Food security evaluation indicators.

From: Regional differences, spatial temporal evolution and dynamic evolution of food security in China

Primary indicators

Secondary Indicators

Unit

Attributes

Agricultural production safety level

Total grain production

10,000 tons

positive

Per capita grain production

Kg/person

positive

Total power of agricultural machinery

10,000 kilowatts

positive

Total factor productivity of agriculture

%

negative

Agricultural environmental safety level

Pesticide usage

10,000 tons

negative

Agricultural fertilizer application amount (converted to pure amount)

10,000 tons

positive

Agricultural water consumption

Billion cubic meters

positive

Agricultural infrastructure level

Effective irrigation area

hectares

positive

Grain sowing area

hectares

negative

The proportion of sowing area for grain crops

%

positive

Agricultural risk management level

Affected area

hectares

negative

Local fiscal expenditure on agriculture, forestry, and water affairs

RMB100mn

positive

Retail Price Index of Grain Products (Last Year = 100)

%

negative