Table 2 The trend of suicidal ideation in young adolescents aged 13–15 years by WHO region and sex.

From: Temporal trends and patterns in suicidal ideation among adolescents in 23 countries from 2003 to 2021

Country	Survey year	Total			Boys			Girls
Country	Survey year	Prevalence (95% CI)	AAPC (95% CI)	P-value	Prevalence (95% CI)	AAPC (95% CI)	P-value	Prevalence (95% CI)	AAPC (95% CI)	P-value
African Region (AFR)
Benin^a	2009	21.91 (19.37 to 24.44)	−8.60 (−11.88 to −5.20)	< 0.001^c	23.22 (19.96 to 26.48)	−12.08 (−16.74 to −7.17)	< 0.001^c	19.40 (15.44 to 23.36)	−2.83 (−7.12 to 1.67)	0.214
Benin^a	2016	11.67 (9.01 to 14.33)	−8.60 (−11.88 to −5.20)	< 0.001^c	9.43 (6.09 to 12.76)	−12.08 (−16.74 to −7.17)	< 0.001^c	15.87 (12.03 to 19.71)	−2.83 (−7.12 to 1.67)	0.214
Seychelles	2007	17.03 (14.57 to 19.49)	2.54 (0.32 to 4.82)	0.025	14.85 (11.45 to 18.25)	0.02 (−3.56 to 3.73)	0.993	19.19 (15.68 to 22.70)	4.03 (1.25 to 6.90)	0.004
Seychelles	2015	20.82 (18.74 to 22.91)	2.54 (0.32 to 4.82)	0.025	14.87 (12.19 to 17.55)	0.02 (−3.56 to 3.73)	0.993	26.33 (23.24 to 29.42)	4.03 (1.25 to 6.90)	0.004
Region of the Americas (AMR)
Argentina^a	2007	15.88 (13.91 to 17.86)	2.66 (−9.31 to 16.21)	0.227	12.50 (9.90 to 15.10)	0.29 (−19.35 to 24.71)	0.893	18.68 (15.79 to 21.57)	3.97 (−2.75 to 11.15)	0.085
	2012	16.45 (15.53 to 17.38)			10.72 (9.54 to 11.89)			21.55 (20.19 to 22.91)
	2018	21.07 (20.25 to 21.90)			12.78 (11.78 to 13.78)			28.58 (27.33 to 29.83)
Bolivia	2012	17.24 (15.68 to 18.80)	3.02 (1.13 to 4.95)	0.002	11.77 (9.84 to 13.70)	4.00 (0.65 to 7.47)	0.019	22.45 (20.06 to 24.83)	2.50 (0.27 to 4.79)	0.028
Bolivia	2018	20.61 (19.28 to 21.94)	3.02 (1.13 to 4.95)	0.002	14.90 (13.27 to 16.53)	4.00 (0.65 to 7.47)	0.019	26.04 (23.97 to 28.10)	2.50 (0.27 to 4.79)	0.028
Guatemala	2009	13.58 (12.33 to 14.84)	2.63 (−0.41 to 5.77)	0.091	9.63 (8.05 to 11.21)	2.38 (−2.96 to 8.02)	0.389	17.79 (15.89 to 19.68)	2.59 (−0.95 to 6.26)	0.153
Guatemala	2015	15.87 (13.41 to 18.34)	2.63 (−0.41 to 5.77)	0.091	11.09 (8.02 to 14.16)	2.38 (−2.96 to 8.02)	0.389	20.74 (16.97 to 24.52)	2.59 (−0.95 to 6.26)	0.153
Guyana^a	2010	22.66 (20.70 to 24.61)	8.88 (5.51 to 12.36)	< 0.001^c	16.31 (13.75 to 18.86)	14.43 (8.22 to 20.99)	< 0.001^c	28.57 (25.72 to 31.42)	5.36 (1.56 to 9.30)	0.005
Guyana^a	2014	31.84 (28.92 to 34.76)	8.88 (5.51 to 12.36)	< 0.001^c	27.96 (23.52 to 32.40)	14.43 (8.22 to 20.99)	< 0.001^c	35.20 (31.40 to 39.00)	5.36 (1.56 to 9.30)	0.005
Jamaica	2010	21.66 (18.45 to 24.87)	1.36 (−1.30 to 4.10)	0.320	18.46 (14.03 to 22.89)	−1.52 (−5.89 to 3.06)	0.509	24.75 (20.15 to 29.35)	3.02 (−0.27 to 6.41)	0.072
Jamaica	2017	23.81 (21.12 to 26.50)	1.36 (−1.30 to 4.10)	0.320	16.59 (13.13 to 20.04)	−1.52 (−5.89 to 3.06)	0.509	30.47 (26.51 to 34.44)	3.02 (−0.27 to 6.41)	0.072
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines^b	2007	17.98 (15.52 to 20.45)	3.87 (2.27 to 5.49)	< 0.001^c	15.54 (12.18 to 18.90)	−0.61 (−3.37 to 2.24)	0.673	20.19 (16.61 to 23.76)	5.98 (4.00 to 7.99)	< 0.001^c
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines^b	2018	27.30 (24.52 to 30.07)	3.87 (2.27 to 5.49)	< 0.001^c	14.53 (11.30 to 17.77)	−0.61 (−3.37 to 2.24)	0.673	38.23 (34.12 to 42.34)	5.98 (4.00 to 7.99)	< 0.001^c
Suriname	2009	13.80 (11.60 to 16.00)	1.26 (−1.69 to 4.31)	0.406	11.23 (8.30 to 14.15)	−1.42 (−6.38 to 3.82)	0.589	15.95 (12.74 to 19.16)	2.73 (−0.91 to 6.51)	0.144
Suriname	2016	15.07 (13.06 to 17.07)	1.26 (−1.69 to 4.31)	0.406	10.16 (7.61 to 12.71)	−1.42 (−6.38 to 3.82)	0.589	19.26 (16.31 to 22.21)	2.73 (−0.91 to 6.51)	0.144
Trinidad and Tobago	2007	17.29 (15.07 to 19.51)	2.78 (−17.05 to 27.35)	0.351	13.40 (10.62 to 16.19)	1.50 (−4.48 to 7.85)	0.198	21.17 (17.73 to 24.61)	3.39 (−24.26 to 41.14)	0.403
	2011	16.51 (14.45 to 18.58)			13.61 (11.03 to 16.19)			19.30 (16.08 to 22.52)
	2017	22.31 (20.28 to 24.34)			15.47 (12.88 to 18.06)			28.74 (25.73 to 31.75)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR)
Jordan	2004	14.29 (12.65 to 15.94)	3.05 (−2.41 to 8.82)	0.279	12.31 (10.02 to 14.59)	4.79 (−3.45 to 13.74)	0.263	16.11 (13.77 to 18.45)	1.74 (−5.43 to 9.46)	0.643
Jordan	2007	15.64 (13.83 to 17.45)	3.05 (−2.41 to 8.82)	0.279	14.16 (11.88 to 16.45)	4.79 (−3.45 to 13.74)	0.263	16.97 (14.17 to 19.76)	1.74 (−5.43 to 9.46)	0.643
Kuwait^a	2011	18.98 (17.32 to 20.64)	−6.40 (−9.65 to −3.04)	< 0.001^c	18.39 (16.04 to 20.74)	−10.74 (−15.62 to −5.58)	< 0.001^c	19.62 (17.27 to 21.96)	−3.01 (−7.30 to 1.47)	0.184
Kuwait^a	2015	14.57 (12.96 to 16.18)	−6.40 (−9.65 to −3.04)	< 0.001^c	11.67 (9.51 to 13.83)	−10.74 (−15.62 to −5.58)	< 0.001^c	17.36 (15.01 to 19.71)	−3.01 (−7.30 to 1.47)	0.184
Lebanon	2005	15.61 (14.44 to 16.79)	−1.05 (−1.80 to −0.29)	0.036	13.73 (12.09 to 15.38)	0.14 (−14.59 to 17.42)	0.928	17.37 (15.70 to 19.03)	−2.04 (−13.70 to 11.20)	0.287
	2011	14.75 (12.78 to 16.72)			12.16 (9.36 to 14.96)			17.02 (14.30 to 19.74)
	2017	13.76 (12.26 to 15.26)			13.97 (11.73 to 16.21)			13.56 (11.55 to 15.57)
Morocco	2006	12.43 (10.89 to 13.97)	1.40 (−18.72 to 26.51)	0.570	10.90 (8.81 to 12.99)	1.39 (−4.89 to 8.09)	0.222	14.13 (11.89 to 16.37)	1.35 (−29.48 to 45.66)	0.720
	2010	15.44 (13.83 to 17.04)			12.07 (10.05 to 14.09)			19.40 (16.90 to 21.91)
	2016	14.58 (13.14 to 16.02)			12.59 (10.67 to 14.52)			16.70 (14.55 to 18.85)
United Arab Emirates	2005	12.30 (11.59 to 13.02)	−5.07 (−48.11 to 73.65)	0.471	12.13 (11.14 to 13.12)	−5.64 (−44.66 to 60.89)	0.399	12.47 (11.44 to 13.51)	−4.57 (−49.21 to 79.29)	0.519
	2010	15.12 (13.53 to 16.72)			13.70 (11.36 to 16.05)			16.07 (13.92 to 18.21)
	2016	7.14 (6.16 to 8.11)			6.56 (5.20 to 7.92)			7.67 (6.29 to 9.06)
South-East Asian Region (SEAR)
Maldives	2009	16.03 (14.24 to 17.81)	−4.33 (−7.70 to −0.83)	0.016	14.98 (12.34 to 17.61)	−5.03 (−10.43 to 0.69)	0.084	16.98 (14.58 to 19.38)	−3.73 (−7.88 to 0.61)	0.091
Maldives	2014	12.85 (11.04 to 14.65)	−4.33 (−7.70 to −0.83)	0.016	11.57 (8.86 to 14.28)	−5.03 (−10.43 to 0.69)	0.084	14.04 (11.67 to 16.42)	−3.73 (−7.88 to 0.61)	0.091
Myanmar	2007	0.75 (0.35 to 1.15)	32.04 (24.21 to 40.37)	< 0.001^c	0.83 (0.23 to 1.43)	27.93 (17.51 to 39.28)	< 0.001^c	0.67 (0.15 to 1.19)	35.76 (24.22 to 48.38)	< 0.001^c
Myanmar	2016	9.14 (7.80 to 10.47)	32.04 (24.21 to 40.37)	< 0.001^c	7.59 (5.79 to 9.39)	27.93 (17.51 to 39.28)	< 0.001^c	10.51 (8.57 to 12.45)	35.76 (24.22 to 48.38)	< 0.001^c
Sri Lanka	2008	9.60 (8.35 to 10.84)	−0.32 (−2.61 to 2.02)	0.786	10.29 (8.38 to 12.21)	−0.32 (−3.60 to 3.08)	0.853	8.90 (7.30 to 10.49)	−0.29 (−3.44 to 2.96)	0.859
Sri Lanka	2016	9.35 (8.10 to 10.60)	−0.32 (−2.61 to 2.02)	0.786	10.04 (8.10 to 11.97)	−0.32 (−3.60 to 3.08)	0.853	8.69 (7.10 to 10.29)	−0.29 (−3.44 to 2.96)	0.859
Thailand^b	2008	8.37 (7.17 to 9.57)	5.89 (−1.41 to 13.74)	0.062	9.24 (7.52 to 10.97)	1.48 (−9.21 to 13.43)	0.342	7.52 (5.86 to 9.18)	9.37 (−7.10 to 28.77)	0.091
	2015	11.75 (10.32 to 13.17)			11.28 (9.28 to 13.29)			12.23 (10.21 to 14.25)
	2021	17.67 (16.05 to 19.29)			11.14 (9.15 to 13.13)			24.28 (21.86 to 26.71)
Western Pacific Region (WPR)
Mongolia	2010	18.93 (17.53 to 20.34)	3.67 (0.22 to 7.23)	0.037	15.12 (13.18 to 17.05)	2.61 (−3.15 to 8.71)	0.383	22.41 (20.43 to 24.39)	4.86 (0.68 to 9.23)	0.022
Mongolia	2013	21.09 (19.63 to 22.56)	3.67 (0.22 to 7.23)	0.037	16.33 (14.43 to 18.24)	2.61 (−3.15 to 8.71)	0.383	25.84 (23.66 to 28.02)	4.86 (0.68 to 9.23)	0.022
Philippines	2003	15.76 (14.29 to 17.23)	0.76 (−6.03 to 8.03)	0.753	16.97 (14.59 to 19.35)	−0.65 (−8.36 to 7.71)	0.815	14.93 (13.06 to 16.80)	1.92 (−5.23 to 9.61)	0.466
	2007	16.53 (15.09 to 17.98)			12.52 (10.49 to 14.55)			19.74 (17.74 to 21.74)
	2011	16.06 (14.60 to 17.52)			11.34 (9.35 to 13.33)			20.45 (18.43 to 22.46)
	2015	11.18 (10.23 to 12.13)			9.01 (7.74 to 10.28)			13.21 (11.81 to 14.60)
	2019	22.29 (21.14 to 23.44)			17.57 (16.01 to 19.12)			26.72 (25.06 to 28.38)
Samoa	2011	25.95 (24.02 to 27.87)	−4.08 (−6.58 to −1.52)	0.002	27.98 (24.88 to 31.07)	−5.55 (−9.62 to −1.30)	0.011	24.19 (21.78 to 26.60)	−2.72 (−5.74 to 0.39)	0.086
Samoa	2017	20.21 (17.38 to 23.03)	−4.08 (−6.58 to −1.52)	0.002	19.86 (15.09 to 24.62)	−5.55 (−9.62 to −1.30)	0.011	20.50 (17.20 to 23.79)	−2.72 (−5.74 to 0.39)	0.086
Vanuatu	2011	17.22 (14.09 to 20.36)	−3.67 (−8.09 to 0.96)	0.118	17.03 (12.11 to 21.95)	0.73 (−6.14 to 8.11)	0.839	17.39 (13.40 to 21.38)	−8.35 (−13.97 to −2.36)	0.007
Vanuatu	2016	14.28 (12.16 to 16.40)	−3.67 (−8.09 to 0.96)	0.118	17.66 (14.06 to 21.27)	0.73 (−6.14 to 8.11)	0.839	11.24 (8.79 to 13.70)	−8.35 (−13.97 to −2.36)	0.007

Abbreviations: AAPC, average annual percent change; CI, confidence interval; WHO, World Health Organization.
The numbers in bold indicate significant differences (P-value < 0.05).
^a indicates a statistically significant difference in AAPC between boys and girls.
^b indicates a statistically significant difference in AAPC between boys and girls even after Bonferroni correction.
^c indicates a statistically significant in AAPC even after Bonferroni correction.

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Table 2 The trend of suicidal ideation in young adolescents aged 13–15 years by WHO region and sex.

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