Table 1 Comparative review of P&O techniques.
MPPT techniques | MV (manipulated variable) | MV (manipulated variable) | Hardware/software simulation | Converter types | Tracking efficiency | Oscillation around MPP | Convergence Speed | Implementation complexity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VCO-P&O17 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | mega 32 AVR | DC-DC Boost Converter | Medium | Medium | Medium | Simple |
FLC- P&O18 | Vpv, Ipv | Vref | DSP-TMS320F28035 | single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
PSO-P&O19 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | DSP-TMS320F28035 | DC-DC interleaved boost converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
FSCC-P&O20 | Isc | Duty cycle (D) | MATLAB/simulation | DC-DC Boost Converter | Medium | Medium | Medium | Simple |
GA-P&O21 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | PIC 16F876A | DC-DC Boost Converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
FSCC-P&O22 | Isc | Duty cycle (D) | dSPACE DS1104 | buck-boost converter | Medium | Medium | Fast | Moderate |
PCS-P&O23 | Vpv, Ipv | Vref | DSP-TMS320F28335 | BOOST circuit | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
ANN-P&O24 | Vpv, Ipv | Vref, duty cycle (D) | DSP | Buck | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
ACO-P&O25 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | PIC16F876A | DC-DC Boost Converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
MB-P&O26 | Vpv, Ipv | Vref | DAQ Device PIC − 1716, OPAL-RT real-time simulator (RTS | DC-DC Boost Converter | High | Small | Fast | Simple |
GWO-P&O27 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | dSPACE 1104 | DC-DC Boost Converter | High | Small | Fast | Simple |
PSO-P&O28 | Vpv, Ipv | Shoot-through duty cycle d0 | MATLAB/simulation | Quasi-Z-Source Inverter | High | Small | Fast | Simple |
FLC-P&O29 | Vpv, Ipv, Isc, Voc | Duty cycle (D) | MATLAB/simulation | DC-DC boost converter | Medium | Medium | Fast | Moderate |
MPRVS-P&O30 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | Real time simulator-dSPACE platform | SEPIC converter | High | Small | Fast | Simple |
ELPSO-P&O31 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | Arduino UNO microcontroller based on the ATmega328P | DC-DC boost converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
ANN-P&O32 | Vpv, Ipv | Vref | MATLAB/simulation | DC-DC boost converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
IBS - P&O33 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | MATLAB/simulation | DC-DC boost converter | Small | Small | Medium | Simple |
MIWO -P&O34 | Vpv, Ipv | Vmpp | HIL-OPAL-RTs | DC-DC Boost Converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
ABC -P&O35 | vo(t), iL(t), vg(t) | u(t) the control variable | HIL-PLECS RT-box-Texas Instruments LAUNCHXL-F28069M | DC-DC Boost Converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
SPF-P&O36 | vo(t), iL(t), vg(t) | u(t) the control variable | HIL-PLECS RT-box-Texas Instruments LAUNCHXL-F28069M | DC-DC Boost Converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
HHO-P&O37 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | MATLAB/simulation | DC-DC boost converter | High | Small | Fast | Simple |
SA-P&O38 | Vpv, Ipv | Vref | MicroLabBOX | DC-DC boost converter and DC/AC inverter | High | Small | Fast | Simple |
SGA-P&O39 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | dSPACE 1104 | DC-DC boost converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
WCO‑P&O40 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | dsPIC 33FJ32MC202 microcontroller. | DC-DC boost converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
IWOA-P&O41 | Vpv, Ipv | Vref | Experimental platform. | DC-DC boost converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
FPA-P&O42 | Vpv, Ipv | Duty cycle (D) | HIL-dSPACE DS1104 | DC-DC boost converter | High | Small | Fast | Moderate |
Current study SOH-P&O (-) | Vpv, Ipv | Iref | HIL-dSPACE DS1104 | Quasi-Z-Source Inverter | Very High | Very Small | Very Fast | Simple (Real-Time) |
