Table 5 Comparison of statistical results of PID, FOPID, SMC and LQR controllers for RO desalination.

From: A smart single stage solar battery driven desalination system with hybrid MPPT and optimal control for brackish water treatment

Controller

IAE

ISE

RMSE

SSE

Tracking Efficiency (%)

PID

0.94

0.36

0.17

0.0186

96.2

FOPID

0.78

0.28

0.14

0.0148

97.4

SMC

0.61

0.19

0.12

0.0154

98.1

LQR

0.38

0.09

0.08

0.0051

99.2

Back to article page