Table 4 Comparative analysis of the proposed global model with previous works.

Dutta, A.K., 2022⁶⁶

Convolutional neural network

(CNN) and Random Forest (RF)

classifier

93.25

6.75

Wang, H. et al., 2017⁶⁸

CNN

86

14

Dirik, M., 2023⁶⁹

NB and SVM

91

9

Mohammed, K.K. et al., 2021⁷⁰

VNet

80

20

Zhang, G. et al., 2022⁷¹

UNet

83.2

16.8

Bhattacharyya, D. et al., 2023⁷²

Hierarchical attention UNet (HAUNet-3D)

83.3

16.7

Liu, F. et al., 2022⁷³

Deep Neural Network VNet

88.3

16.7

Boubnovski, M.M. et al., 2022⁷⁴

A multi-task learning VNet

94

6

Dodia, S. et al., 2022⁷⁵

Regularized VNet and NCNet

95

5

Xiao, Z. et al., 2020⁷⁶

UNet and Res2Net

95.3

4.7

Bansal, G. et al., 2020⁷⁷

Deep 3D Segmentation work (Deep3DSCan)

95.8

4.2

Sathish, R. et al., 2020⁷⁸

2D CNN

98.4

1.6

Ye, Y. et al., 2020⁷⁹

VNet model and SVM classifier

66.7

Liao, F. et al., 2019⁸⁰

3D CNN and a leaky noisy-OR gate

81.4

18.6

Zhou, Y. et al., 2021⁸¹

VNet

84.8

15.2

Jiang, H. et al., 2020⁸²

Ensembling 3D-Dual Path Networks (DPNs)

90.2

9.8

Proposed interpretable global model

FL with XAI

98.21

1.79