Table 2 Summary of recent MIMO, flexible, and V2X/IoT-Specific antenna Designs.
Ref | Antenna type | Frequency range (GHz) | Size (mm) | Peak Gain (dBi) | Bandwidth (MHz) | Isolation/ECC | Key features/target application |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PIN-diode flexible reconfigurable antenna | 3.4–3.8 & 5.3–8 | 0.17λ₀ × 0.23λ₀ | ~ 7.5 | ~ 1800 | -- | Pattern and frequency reconfigurable V2X antenna | |
4-port CP-MIMO with parasitic & DGS decoupling | 5.82–5.94 | 1.4λ₀ × 1.4λ₀ | 7.68 | ~ 120 | Isolation > 34 dB, ECC < 0.001 | Long-range V2X, strong diversity | |
Dipole array with radial power divider | 27.93–29.13 | -- | 5.42 | > 1000 | -- | mmWave IoT sensing, quasi-omnidirectional | |
Conformal 4-port MIMO with circular stubs | 5.37–7.34 | 37 × 37 × 0.127 | 4.63 | ~ 1970 | ECC < 0.005 | Wearable & curved IoT/V2X surfaces | |
Stub-loaded compact tri-band monopole | 2.35–2.5, 3.3–3.55, 5.18–7.63 | -- | 1.84–2.72 | ~ 2200+ | -- | ISM/5G-IoT tri-band with > 75% efficiency | |
12-port integrated microwave/mmWave MIMO | 2.37–2.65 to 23–31 | -- | > 6.5 at mmWave | > 6000 | Isolation > 15 dB | 360° diversity, indoor & V2 × 5G | |
Our work | Decagonal FSS with Dug-Hex Microstrip Antenna | 5.9 | 32 × 24 × 1.6 (Single), | 5.91–6.42 (Single), | 738.86 | -- | Compact MIMO, V2X/IoT, high isolation and efficiency |
50 × 50 × 1.6 (MIMO) | 2.7–7.4 (MIMO) | < − 30 dB |
