Table 1 Patient characteristics, baseline clinical laboratory test values, and information on administered drugs of the two cohorts before propensity score matching.

From: Ampicillin sulbactam impacts serum potassium level comparable to piperacillin tazobactam

 

ABPC/SBT cohort (n = 191)

PIPC/TAZ cohort (n = 63)

P-value

Sex

(male/female)

142/49

37/26

0.025

Age

(median [IQR])

67.0

(54.0–77.5)

76.0

(65.5–84.0)

 < 0.001

BMI

(kg/m2, mean ± SD)

22.9 ± 4.6

22.5 ± 5.0

0.671

eGFR

(mL/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD)

72.9 ± 30.6

53.8 ± 32.0

 < 0.001

ALT

(U/L, median [IQR])

17.1

(12.2–32.1)

13.7

(9.6–40.6)

0.366

AST

(U/L, median [IQR])

20.2

(15.6–31.9)

21.7

(16.3–42.3)

0.181

ALB

(g/dL, mean ± SD)

3.4 ± 0.8

2.7 ± 0.5

 < 0.001

Serum sodium level

(mEq/L, median [IQR])

138.0

(135.8–139.5)

136.6

(134.0–138.8)

0.008

SPL

(mEq/L, median [IQR])

4.0

(3.8–4.4)

4.0

(3.8–4.4)

0.826

Duration of BL/BLI administration

(days, median [IQR])

7.0

(5.0–9.5)

6.0

(4.5–9.5)

0.339

BL/BLI prescribed daily dose/defined daily dose* (mean ± SD)

0.73 ± 0.25

0.65 ± 0.21

0.012

Patients administered drugs

that potentially increase SPL

174

(91.1%)

61

(96.8%)

0.172

Infusion including potassium

143

54

 

Potassium supplement

20

14

 

NSAIDs

96

26

 

ARBs

40

9

 

ACE-Is

11

5

 

Beta-blockers

30

14

 

Potassium-sparing diuretics

14

7

 

ST

6

6

 

Digoxin

2

0

 

Tacrolimus

2

5

 

Patients administered drugs that potentially decrease SPL

150

(78.5%)

49

(77.8%)

1.000

Diuretics (except potassium-sparing diuretics alone)

38

25

 

Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

99

22

 

Amphotericin B

0

1

 

Anticancer drugs**

1

0

 

Laxatives and enemas

58

20

 

β2 agonist

19

6

 

Xanthines

1

0

 

Insulin

19

14

 

Potassium- scavenger

3

2

 

Potassium load from concomitant drugs during BL/BLI administration

(mEq/day, median [IQR])

5.5

(0.4–12.2)

8.3

(2.4–20.0)

0.023

  1. BL/BLI, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination; ABPC/SBT, ampicillin/sulbactam; PIPC/TAZ, piperacillin/tazobactam; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, standardized estimated glomerular filtration rate; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALB, serum albumin; SPL, serum potassium level; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; ACE-Is, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ST, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor.
  2. *WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology: ATC/DDD Index 2025. [cited 2025 May 20] https://atcddd.fhi.no/atc_ddd_index/
  3. **Anticancer drugs included cisplatin and other platinum drugs, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, cetuximab, panitumumab, temsirolimus, methotrexate, abiraterone, and eribulin.
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