Table 4 Mesh independence for the worst-case operating condition (C-rate = 3). Quality metrics refer to the entire domain; \({T_{\hbox{max} }}\)is the peak battery temperature reached during discharge; \(\overline {\lambda }\) is the domain-averaged liquid fraction at SOC = 0%.
Mesh level | Total cells (×10³) | Min edge size near battery (mm) | Avg skewness | Max non-orthogonality (°) | \({T_{\hbox{max} }}\) (K) | Δ vs. next finer (K/%) | \(\overline {\lambda }\)(–) | Δ vs. next finer (abs/%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coarse | 120 | 0.80 | 0.24 | 64.1 | 346.12 | 0.91/0.26% | 0.835 | 0.007/0.84% |
Medium | 240 | 0.55 | 0.23 | 63.5 | 345.21 | 0.43/0.12% | 0.842 | 0.004/0.47% |
Fine (adopted) | 470 | 0.38 | 0.22 | 62.7 | 344.78 | 0.22/0.06% | 0.845 | 0.003/0.35% |
Very Fine | 930 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 62.1 | 344.56 | – | 0.848 | – |
Time-step check (Fine mesh): | ||||||||
\(\Delta t=0.10s \to {T_{\hbox{max} }}=344.94K,\overline {\lambda } =0.844\) | ||||||||
\(\Delta t=0.05s \to {T_{\hbox{max} }}=344.78K,\overline {\lambda } =0.845(adopted)\) | ||||||||
\(\Delta t=0.025s \to {T_{\hbox{max} }}=344.64K,\overline {\lambda } =0.846\) | ||||||||
