Table 2 Main trajectories of change observed from 2005–2020.

From: Urban boundaries are an underexplored frontier for ecological restoration

Class name

Class description

Group

1. Anthropic- from 2005 to 2020 (A)

Pixel classified as anthropic in all scenes.

No change between 2005–2020

2. Old growth forest- from 2005 to 2020 (1 V)

Pixel classified as old growth vegetation in all scenes.

3. Secondary vegetation-from 2005 to 2020 (2 V)

Pixel classified as secondary vegetation in all scenes.

4. Deforestation without regeneration (D)

Pixel classified as deforestation in any year without any occurrence of regeneration.

Deforestation without regeneration

5. Deforestation after regeneration (R-D)

Pixel classified as anthropic in 2020 with occurrence of regeneration and deforestation between 2005 and 2020.

6. Regeneration (R)

Pixel classified as regeneration in any year between 2005–2020, without any occurrence of deforestation, and classified as natural land cover in 2020.

Regeneration

7. Regeneration after deforestation (D-R)

Pixel classified as natural land cover in 2020 with occurrence of regeneration and deforestation between 2005 and 2020.

8. No confidence (NoC)

Transitions that need more information to be confirmed (please refer to SM).

No confidence