Table 4 Key components and their significance.

From: Machine learning-driven nonlinear analysis of inclusion effects in aluminium alloys

Component

Description

Magnitude Insights

t-SNE Axes

Two-dimensional embedding (Axis 1 vs. Axis 2)

Arbitrary units representing similarity (no physical meaning)

Data Points

Each point = one sample (colored by tensile strength)

Color gradient: Purple (low strength) → Yellow (high strength)

Clusters

Groupings of similar inclusion characteristics

Cluster diameter ≈ 5–10 units indicates feature variability

Color Gradient

Tensile strength range

(viridis colormap)

250 MPa (dark purple) to 350 MPa (bright yellow)