Table 1 Meteorological information in the experimental site in 2023–2024 growing seasons.

From: Investigating the effect of foliar spraying of zinc nanoparticles and biostimulants on modulating the effect of water deficit stress in sugar beet by using Integrated Biomarker Response Version 2

Months

Average temperature (C°)

Total evaporation (mm)

Total precipitation (mm)

2023

2024

2023

2024

2023

2024

March

10.2

9.2

1

0

22.2

20

April

15.4

14.5

113

112

5.4

2.1

May

15.2

17

190

190

7.22

9.1

June

22.1

21

295

280

3.4

2.2

July

25.2

24.8

280

273

1.2

3.8

August

24. 3

23.5

270

270

0

0.1

September

20.2

22

210

210

3.7

5.5

October

12.6

14.4

12.0

143

2.2

0.1

November

11.4

12.5

87

90

60.2

52