Table 4 Mean comparison effect of irrigation with Biostimulants application interaction treatments on the studied traits of sugar beet cultivar Shokofa.
Irrigation | Biostimulants | Chlorophyll a (mg g/ FW) | Chlorophyll b (mg g/ FW) | Carotenoid (mg g/ FW) | Relative Water Content (%) | Proline (mg g/ FW) | Beta-glycine (mg g/ FW) | Abscisic acid (ppm) | Gibberellin (ppm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Control | 3.87 ± 0.02c | 2.04 ± 0.01b | 1.87 ± 0.010c | 66.45 ± 0.221c | 0.26 ± 0.001d | 87.67 ± 0.263cde | 37.50 ± 0.094b | 188.76 ± 0.480b |
Chitosan (Ch) | 4.63 ± 0.02b | 2.70 ± 0.02a | 2.15 ± 0.011b | 73.41 ± 0.267b | 0.25 ± 0.001e | 89.70 ± 0.380 cd | 29.8 ± 0.1556e | 209.28 ± 0.600a | |
Proline (Pr) | 5.42 ± 0.03a | 2.73 ± 0.01a | 2.65 ± 0.019a | 81.83 ± 0.380a | 0.23 ± 0.001f. | 84.80 ± 0.227e | 29.38 ± 0.139ef | 216.01 ± 0.516a | |
Ch + Pr | 5.46 ± 0.03a | 2.66 ± 0.02a | 2.22 ± 0.015b | 73.52 ± 0.297b | 0.25 ± 0.001e | 86.37 ± 0.260de | 28.65 ± 0.103f. | 216.80 ± 0.628a | |
Water deficit | Control | 2.27 ± 0.02e | 1.54 ± 0.01d | 1.71 ± 0.011c | 57.92 ± 0.289e | 0.41 ± 0.002bc | 90.97 ± 0.361bc | 42.09 ± 0.111a | 180.07 ± 0.414c |
Chitosan (Ch) | 2.86 ± 0.02d | 1.68 ± 0.02 cd | 1.89 ± 0.013c | 62.65 ± 0.260 cd | 0.42 ± 0.001ab | 94.37 ± 0.274b | 34.15 ± 0.153c | 194.56 ± 0.553b | |
Proline (Pr) | 3.02 ± 0.03d | 1.68 ± 0.02 cd | 1.91 ± 0.021c | 65.88 ± 0.360c | 0.40 ± 0.001c | 95.40 ± 0.434b | 35.11 ± 0.119c | 177.62 ± 0.369c | |
Ch + Pr | 3.12 ± 0.03d | 1.79 ± 0.02c | 1.84 ± 0.014c | 59.75 ± 0.283de | 0.43 ± 0.002a | 107.43 ± 0.437a | 31.92 ± 0.124d | 192.68 ± 0.290b |
Irrigation | Biostimulants | Auxin (ppm) | Cytokinin (ppm) | CAT (U mg/ protein) | APX (mM mg/ protein) | MAD (μM mg/FW) | Hydrogen peroxide (μM mg/FW) | Root yield (ton/ ha) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Control | 31.02 ± 0.151c | 42.53 ± 0.167c | 2.47 ± 0.011d | 4.18 ± 0.021f. | 7.27 ± 0.023c | 2.82 ± 0.012d | 64.89 ± 0.131b | |
Chitosan (Ch) | 31.38 ± 0.151c | 46.69 ± 0.143b | 2.65 ± 0.015 cd | 4.55 ± 0.023e | 7.17 ± 0.020 cd | 2.74 ± 0.013d | 71.52 ± 0.273a | ||
Proline (Pr) | 37.63 ± 0.163ab | 46.27 ± 0.150b | 2.85 ± 0.014c | 4.46 ± 0.022ef | 6.79 ± 0.025d | 2.39 ± 0.009e | 69.67 ± 0.378a | ||
Ch + Pr | 38.66 ± 0.096a | 50.23 ± 0.125a | 2.78 ± 0.015c | 4.88 ± 0.027 cd | 7.00 ± 0.013 cd | 2.75 ± 0.011d | 71.68 ± 0.229a | ||
Water deficit | Control | 26.41 ± 0.121d | 39.09 ± 0.118d | 3.15 ± 0.014b | 4.69 ± 0.017de | 10.18 ± 0.101a | 5.04 ± 0.036a | 53.73 ± 0.176d | |
Chitosan (Ch) | 27.81 ± 0.060d | 43.56 ± 0.098c | 3.20 ± 0.012b | 5.11 ± 0.023bc | 9.63 ± 0.069b | 4.72 ± 0.027b | 52.58 ± 0.260d | ||
Proline (Pr) | 26.89 ± 0.064d | 40.03 ± 0.154d | 3.28 ± 0.010ab | 5.30 ± 0.019b | 9.15 ± 0.071b | 4.75 ± 0.037b | 56.25 ± 0.209 cd | ||
Ch + Pr | 35.76 ± 0.099b | 46.14 ± 0.100b | 3.51 ± 0.010a | 5.61 ± 0.021a | 9.26 ± 0.0884b | 4.46 ± 0.030c | 59.89 ± 0.222c | ||