Table 1 Patients’ characteristics.
Total N=101 | Learning phase N=52 | Proficiency phase N=49 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (SD) | 65.7 (14.3) | 66.3 (13.6) | 65.0 (15.2) | 0.650 |
Sex, female (%) | 69 (68.3) | 36 (69.2) | 33 (67.3) | 0.840 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 26.7 (4.3) | 26.0 (4.2) | 27.4 (4.3) | 0.119 |
ASA score | ||||
● 2, n (%) | 61 (60.4) | 31 (59.6) | 30 (61.2) | 0.866 |
● 3, n (%) | 37 (36.6) | 19 (36.5) | 18 (36.7) | |
● 4, n (%) | 3 (3.0) | 2 (3.8) | 1 (2.0) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
● Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 45 (44.6) | 20 (38.5) | 25 (51.0) | 0.938 |
● Cardiac disease, n (%) | 21 (20.8) | 11 (21.2) | 10 (20.4) | |
● Pulmonary disease, n (%) | 32 (31.7) | 16 (30.8) | 16 (32.7) | |
● Previous tumor, n (%) | 27 (26.7) | 15 (28.8) | 12 (24.5) | |
● Renal disease, n (%) | 14 (13.9) | 6 (11.5) | 8 (16.3) | |
● Psychiatric disease, n (%) | 26 (25.7) | 13 (25.0) | 13 (26.5) | |
● Previous abdominal surgery, n (%) | 45 (44.6) | 21 (40.4) | 24 (49.0) | |
● Smoking status, n (%) | Active 3 (3.0) Former 1 (1.0) | Active 2 (3.8) Former 1 (1.9) | Active 1 (2.0) | |
Main symptoms | ||||
● Reflux, n (%) | 51 (50.5) | 24 (46.2) | 27 (55.1) | 0.371 |
● Dysphagia, n (%) | 50 (49.5) | 28 (53.8) | 22 (44.9) | |
Hiatal hernia grade | ||||
● 1, n (%) | 42 (41.6) | 20 (40.4) | 21 (42.9) | 0.087 |
● 2, n (%) | 3 (3.0) | 2 (3.8) | 1 (2.0) | |
● 3, n (%) | 33 (32.7) | 21 (40.4) | 12 (24.5) | |
● 4, n (%) | 6 (5.9) | 4 (7.7) | 2 (4.1) | |
● Recurrent hernia, n (%) | 17 (16.8) | 4 (7.7) | 13 (26.5) |
