Table 8 Mann-Kendall trend analysis for AOD and wind speed trends (2015–2023).
Year | AOD (Mean) | Z-statistic (AOD) | β (Theil-Sen slope) | Trend Significance (AOD) | Wind Speed (Mean, m/s) | Z-statistic (Wind) | β (Theil-Sen slope) | Trend Significance (Wind) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 0.85 | 0.62 | 0.010 | No significant trend | 7.50 | 0.51 | 0.020 | No significant trend |
2016 | 0.72 | −1.98 | −0.030 | Significant decrease (p < 0.05) | 6.81 | −2.01 | −0.050 | Significant decrease (p < 0.05) |
2017 | 0.78 | 0.48 | 0.010 | No significant trend | 7.32 | 0.59 | 0.010 | No significant trend |
2018 | 0.80 | −0.12 | −0.002 | No significant trend | 7.20 | −0.22 | −0.005 | No significant trend |
2019 | 0.74 | 0.45 | 0.010 | No significant trend | 6.89 | 0.31 | 0.010 | No significant trend |
2020 | 0.76 | −2.11 | −0.040 | Significant decrease (p < 0.05) | 7.11 | −1.88 | −0.030 | No significant trend |
2021 | 0.90 | 2.36 | 0.050 | Significant increase (p < 0.05) | 7.62 | 2.15 | 0.070 | Significant increase (p < 0.05) |
2022 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.060 | Significant increase (p < 0.05) | 8.11 | 2.63 | 0.080 | Significant increase (p < 0.05) |
2023 | 0.77 | 0.34 | 0.010 | No significant trend | 7.40 | 0.41 | 0.020 | No significant trend |
